Borderline Personality Disorder ( Bipolar Disorder )

Abstract According to the DSM IV four types of psychopathology describe Borderline Personality Disorder: affective disturbance, impulsivity, cognitive problems, and intense unstable relationships. Before diagnosis, Doctors must establish that patterns of affective instability, impulsivity, and unstable relationships have been consistent over time. Therefore, obtaining the patient’s detailed history is crucial. Many of the same features can be found in patients with Bipolar Disorder. Dysphorias, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and thoughts of suicide, are psychotic symptoms found in both disorders. Sadly, borderline patients with this cluster of symptoms are often misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder, and placed on psychopharmacological†¦show more content†¦Then in the late 1940s, Dr. Robert Knight introduced the concepts of ego psychology into his description of borderline disorder. Citing that ego psychology connects with the mental functions that enable us to realistically perceive events, resulting in the successful integration of our thoughts and feelings. This allows us to develop effective responses to life around us. He suggested that people with borderline disorder have severe impairments when trying to apply this concept to their day-to-day lives. Like many mental disorders, the cause of borderline personality disorder is not fully understood. Yet most experts would agree, the disorder results from a combination of factors. Some studies suggest that genetics, environment, along with brain abnormalities all play a contributing factor. Many medical professionals initially suggested that BPD overlapped with schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, and neuroses such as anxiety and depressive disorders. Due to what appeared to be it’s overlap with so many other psychiatric diagnoses, it became known as a â€Å"wastebasket† diagnosis. Oliver Bonnington writes; because patients did not fall clearly into specific diagnostic category researchers believe testing lacked diagnostic precision and validity. It also was thought that the disorder responded very poorly to treatment. Yet modern day studies have shown differently. Borderline treatment relies primarily on psychotherapy with medicationsShow MoreRelatedBorderline Personality Disorder And Mental Health Disorder1726 Words   |  7 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder â€Å"What does borderline personality mean, anyhow? It appears to be a way station between neurosis and psychosis: a fractured but not disassembled psyche. Though to quote my post-Melvin psychiatrist: It s what they call people whose lifestyles bother them,† (Kaysen, 2014). Borderline personality disorder is a very serious mental health disorder and it has been around for many years. It is, like the quote says above, people whose lifestyles bother them. They don’t haveRead MoreThe Movie Mommie Dearest 926 Words   |  4 Pagesfor everyone to understand why her mother was crazy. In the movie Mommie Dearest her psychological disorders shinned through, rather than her fame and fortune. Some specific personality disorders can easily be identified in some scenes from the movie such as: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), borderline disorder, narcissistic disorder, and bipolar disorder. Obsessive- compulsive personality disorder, or OCD is very well known around the world because some of us believe that we have it. OCD is whenRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1361 Words   |  6 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder is named borderline personality disorder because at one point in history they considered this disorder to be on the â€Å"borderline† between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder that impacts an individual’s behavior, relationships, and mood. The disorder usually begins during adolescence or young adulthood. People with BPD have a tendency of rapid change in attitude or feelings toward others because they cannot regulateRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Silver Linings Playbook 1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe main characters, Pat Jr., being released from a mental hospital by his mother. He has been institutionalized due to his bipolar disorder, because he severely beat the man his wife was cheating on him with. Pat later meets his love interest, Tiffany, through his best friend at dinner. Viewers are able to assume that Tiffany suffers from a borderline personality disorder due to her actions th roughout the movie. Pat’s father, Pat Sr., also seems to show signs of OCD even though he is not diagnosedRead MoreCorrelation Between Non Suicidal Self Injury And Suicide Achievement1650 Words   |  7 PagesCorrelation Between Non-suicidal Self-injury and Suicide Achievement in Adolescents Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, and teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who achieve suicide. The method this project will use is a simple questionnaire that asks patients four questions about their suicidal tendencies upon arrivalRead MoreMemoir Of A Strange Girl By Stacy Pershall1032 Words   |  5 Pageswith anorexia, bulimia, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This paper will focus on her diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by â€Å"out-of- control emotions that cannot be smoothed, a hypersensitivity to abandonment, a tendency to cling too tightly to other people, and a history of hurting oneself† (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2014, p. 263). Pershall’s memoir clearly exemplified these aspects of the disorder. Pershall had extremeRead MoreSilver Linings Playbook Character Assessment1208 Words   |  5 Pagesto use one another as a support system in order to get their mental conditions under control. The two individuals display unique behaviors and personality traits that can be analyzed to meet criteria in the DSM-5 for mental disorders. It can be interpreted from the film that Pat has Bipolar Disorder, and that Tiffany has Borderline Personality Disorder. Overall, the film accurately displays that actions of those with these mental health disordera, and does so in and engaging and lighthearted wayRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder And Mental Disorders844 Words   |  4 PagesAs stated previously, Borderline Personality Disorder is misdiagnosed for possible several reasons. One reason co-occurrence, individuals may come into the therapist office complaining about depression, and not bring up the signs that are associated with Bor derline Personality Disorder. Therapists are unaware and only treats the signs of other mental disorders. The common misdiagnosis symptoms are seen in bipolar, antisocial and substance abuse. According to SAMSHA, early detections and interventionsRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )872 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder characterized by instability in mood, impulsiveness, unstable relationships, and chronic emptiness. Borderline Personality Disorder affects approximately two percent of the population, and is predominately found in women. This disorder makes it difficult for people to understand social norms and the dynamics of relationships, so unpredictable and erratic behavior are common. Although Borderline Personality Disorder is incurable, it is treatableRead More mood, substance, and personality disorders Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance, and Personality Disorders nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Do you know a person that has sudden mood swings? Do you wonder why they act like they do? Their actions could be a result of a type of mood disorder. Mood disorders are part of the Axis One disorders that are found in the DSM IV. Axis One is all categories of disorders except for personality disorders. People who have mood disorders are diagnosed to have a pattern of severe depressive and manic episodes. One major mood disorder that will

How to be a good student Free Essays

Time management Planned and don’t put off your plan Pay attention in your lesson Take note and Review by Creating mind map Stage II: Planning (Outlining) Stage Ill: Writing f you want to be a good student, you should follow these advices that I will mention below. The firstly of them is that you should pay attention in your lesson. In fact, teacher is the person who concludes all main points of your lesson and tell it to you in an interesting and clear way in class. We will write a custom essay sample on How to be a good student or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, eying attention in your lesson is the best way help you save time to understand what you are learning in the book. The second advice is taking note and reviewing your lesson by creating mind map. In my opinion, listening to our teachers just like collect the information; however, a good student have to gain their own knowledge. One solution is taking note what you think is necessary, and then, you put all information you collected in your brain by remembering an imaginative noted mind map. Last but not least, landing for your target, and manage your time weekly in order to reach your goal. Indeed, the more suitable plan you make, the more effective work you done. Accordingly, you should have long-term, short-term plan as well as weekly, monthly timetable. In addition, you also should rearrange your schedule so often that them are agreed with your aim; likewise making sure your timetable is enough flexible for you to not put off your work. In conclusion, these above â€Å"how to be a good student’ advices only work when you want. How to cite How to be a good student, Papers

The placement nursery Essay Example

The placement nursery Essay My placement was at a nursery, which cares for children aged three months to four years. The nursery can care for six children aged 3 months to two years at one time, in addition to this they can care for fifty children aged two to four years at one time. The children could stay between seven thirty and five o clock. There parents had the option to leave them for half or a full day. Client A has been at the nursery for two months and is two years old. She is showing signs that she may have severe behavioural problems. She finds it hard to sit or concentrate for any period of time. She also does not pay any attention when she is being spoken to, and shows regular disruptive behaviour such as screaming she is also very reluctant to join in the class activities. Client A also has very limited understanding of her surroundings and what is happening around her. She also has not yet used speech but occasionally will make sounds. She has a brother aged three who is developing at a normal rate for his age and is not showing signs of any problems. Because she is now two clients A should be in the nursery with the other children aged two plus, but because of her behaviour the staff decided that not too put her in nursery as this may be to stressful for her at this time, as she was having problems with the other children. Client A was accessed by the staff and was developing at the normal rate for her age. After discussing the problems client A was having in class with her parents, they explained they originally come from South Africa and do not speak English at home. We will write a custom essay sample on The placement nursery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The placement nursery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The placement nursery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This means that the disruptive behaviour that she is showing is due to language barriers. The staff concluded that Client A has been getting very frustrated and confused as she has been unable to understand instructions that have been given to her. The nursery staff organised a meeting were they talked about the problems she was having and what they thought the best course of action would be. They all agreed that the problems were due to her language barrier. The nursery staff agreed to meet weekly to discuss her progress. The staff also agreed she will need one to one help when being given instructions, she is only two years old so has limited understanding. Picture cards are going to be used to help her understand what she is being asked to do. For example before meals times the children are asked two at a time to wash their hands, client A will be shown a picture of hands being washed under a tap while being given the instruction. Within two days of the staff using pictures to communicate with client A, her behaviour had already dramatically changed. She had started to join in with the class and her screaming had nearly completely stopped. The staffs and her parents were amazed at her progress. Client A will be moved from the class she is in now to the class for the older children aged two plus in weeks time as the staff as completely sure she is now ready and will now enjoy interacting with the other children.

History of Scandinavian Airlines

History of Scandinavian Airlines Introduction The Scandinavian Airlines is also known as SAS. The company was initially referred to as Scandinavian Airlines System and it is the main carrier in three countries, Denmark, Sweden and Norway.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of Scandinavian Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Headquartered in Sigtuna, Sweden, SAS operates in at least thirty countries, with an outstanding international performance and record (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). Its number of aircrafts is approximated to be 198, which operate to 176 destinations in the world. The company is also among the oldest carriers, having been established in 1940s as a group of three national airlines, which included DNL from Norway, DDL of 1918 from Denmark and ABA founded in Sweden in 1924 (Bhardwaj, 2010). This report gives an analysis of the Scandinavian Airlines with regard to a wide range of business aspects. Of great significance in thi s report will be the major focus on SAS marketing strategies that have propelled the company to its current business niche in a competitive flying business. What is its secret? To answer this question, the report synthesizes the company’s major product lines and its market segmentation in meeting the needs of customers. Since customer satisfaction and segmentation are essential business principles, the report further explores the design, management and promotion of its products in order to realize the intended purpose throughout its operations as a flag carrier in the above mentioned three countries. In other segments, the report will give details on how SAS manages its public image and the management approach in winning the confidence and loyalty of its customers beyond what it can offer. The concluding section of the report will cover several recommendations that are necessary for SAS to remain a major carrier in over thirty countries around the world.Advertising Lo oking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SAS history As mentioned above, the Scandinavian Airlines company began in 1946 in Denmark before it merged with several companies from other countries through business partnerships, with the merger between SAS and ABA in 1951 culminating into its birth (Bhardwaj, 2010). Based on a wide range of factors, the three entities under SAS umbrella owned shares as follows: both SAS Norge and SAS Danmark owned 28.6% while SAS Sverige was the majority share holder with 42.8% (Air Review, n.d.). Throughout its operations and history, SAS has attained significant reputation, outshining its competitors by far. For instance, the carrier became the first to fly on a trans-polar route in the year 1951. The rout was between Copenhagen and Los Angeles, with four major stops in Greenland, Sà ¸ndre Strà ¸mfjord, Canada and Winnipeg (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). Notably, t he route became famous as it was highly preferred by Hollywood personalities flying to Europe. Besides this boost by celebrities, the route further advertised the airline in Europe and other major cities around the world. By late 1950s, the tans-polar route enjoyed massive popularity among tourists from the United States, an achievement that highly contributed to the success story of the company. This idea broadened as the company introduced other similar routes to Japan and Alaska even though it experienced license resistance from the former USSR (Air Review, n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of Scandinavian Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another achievement for the company was realized in 1957 when it launched â€Å"round the world flying service through the North Pole.† Due to its determination and fast expansion, the Scandinavian Airlines joined jet aircraft service in 1957 and ac quired Boeing 747, the first of its kind in the year 1971. As a result of these fascinating advancements, the company continued to dominate and control local markets in the three main countries of origin (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). In order to expand its global influence and coverage, SAS considered the formation of a worldwide alliance when it purchased 18.4% of TAC, Texas Air Corporation. Nevertheless, SAS later sold the stake, but continued to acquire others from different countries. These included 20% of British Midland, Air Greenland and 95% of a Spanish leading airline, Spanair in 2009. The Star Alliance was formed in 1997 when SAS joined forces with United Airlines, Air Canada, Thai Airways International and Lufthansa (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). However, its 2001 strategy with three other companies, Swissair, Austrian and KLM turned out to be unsuccessful, leading to the dismissal of the company’s CEO as he was believed to have contributed to the financial turnaround o f the company (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). In order to regain its dwindling status and public image, SAS implemented a new ownership structure which saw Sweden own 21.4% while Norway and Denmark had an equal share holding of 14.3% each. Unlike in the previous structure, the public was allowed to control 50% of the company’s shares through the stock market (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). Even though SAS was divided into four different companies in 2004, the two reunited in 2009 to retain a single entity (Ujaraq, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scandinavian Airlines Routes As mentioned before, SAS has its headquarters in Sweden, though the company has a well established market in Europe. According to recent findings, approximately 85% of the company’s non-international flights heavily contribute to its turnover. Out of these flights, close to 41% were realized with flights headed to Europe while domestic flights added to a total of 30.1% (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). On the other hand, Intra-Scandinavian flights contributed 14.3%. An example of this route is Stockholm-Copenhagen. Lastly, international flights like Stockholm-New York constitute an average of 14.6% of the revenue realized from passengers. Importantly, Scandinavian Airlines is the leading share holder in the market with almost 90% of the shares. The company further possesses 80%, 89% and 97% in Sweden, Denmark and Norwegian markets respectively. Having its management leadership unit in Scandinavian, it deals with high profile competitors like Malmà ¶ Av iation and Flynordic (Jens, 2005). Its routes have remained vital in marketing the company’s outstanding performance as a way of winning new customers. Scandinavian Airlines routes are also important in catering for different market segments. For instance, SAS international serves eleven destinations including New York, Chicago, Bangkok, Dubai and Beijing among others (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). The fleet has ten Airbus, seven A340-300s and four A330-300s. SAS Danmark is responsible for all European traffic via, from and to the country. It also augments development of Copenhagen as SAS’s main hub. Additionally, it facilitates the sale of the Group’s airlines and its business partners in the entire Danish market. It serves up to 23 countries, with 50 destinations and operates with a fleet of 52 aircrafts (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). On the other hand, SAS Norge caters for customers flying via, from and to Norway. The airline was founded in 2004. SAS Norge is ra nked as the leading air travel operator in domestic routes in the country. Lastly, Swedish travel air market is dominated by SAS Sverige, which coordinates all sales activities among partners in the country besides being responsible for the traffic from, to and via the country (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). The adoption of the four airlines was to augment SAS’ ability to cater for different market segments. In other words, the needs of customers are addressed independent of what happens in another country. This also promotes its service delivery, wins the loyalty of customers, gives the company a positive public image and manages its business products (SAS, 2012). SAS vision, values and business concept In promoting its products and winning the confidence of customers, the activities of the Scandinavian Airlines are driven by defined values and vision. This ensures that the company remains focused in pursuing its course and maintains a stable competitive advantage. The compan y’s business concept is to serve the entire Europe with air travel and a major hub in North Europe (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). From a 2006 Annual Report, SAS has a vision of becoming the preferred choice for air travel. On the other hand, SAS’ values are summarized by four ideas as described below: The company believes that its customers are the most important assets that have to be highly valued in ensuring its success in air travel. As a result, the company lays immense emphasis upon its customers and employees. Through this consideration, the company strives to respect the environmental and social responsibilities of stakeholders (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). This is to say that, customers and employees are viewed to be part of the global SAS business family. Secondly, the air carrier maintains a reliable status throughout its operations. As a result, the company has won the confidence and loyalty of its customers by proving that it is the safest, consistent and tr ustworthy airline in Europe. This reliability has led to the company being ranked highest in terms of punctuality of its flights (Star Alliance, 2012). Last year, Scandinavian Airlines was voted as most punctual air Travel Company throughout the year, and position one in July and August of the same year. Similarly, the company was ranked as the most punctual in Europe in 2009 and third place worldwide. SAS’ third idea is implemented through value addition and creation. In its daily activities, the company has remained determined to pursue a professional methodology through innovative ideas. In essence, the company develops innovative strategies so that new advancements are merged with existing ones with the aim of maintaining and improving the value of the company’s products and services (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). Additionally, the company observes high levels of openness especially to stakeholders, employees and customers. This is principally achieved through high le vel of honesty and transparency especially in the overall management. Scandinavian Airlines Strategies In promoting its products, winning customer loyalty and catering for the needs of its customers, SAS has several strategies that are considered to be essential drivers. Among these are flight safety, excellent services and punctuality (Jones, 2012). Notably, the company is interested in offering high quality services to its customers. As a result, the management believes that promoting the safety of customers has significance impact in advancing such a course (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). It therefore invests heavily in maintenance of aircrafts and giving attention to areas that may pose security threats and accidents. The company is also sensitive to effective service delivery. As a result, the number of employees is determined by the size of the airport and necessary adjustments are frequently made to attain this target. It has a wider scope of becoming the most punctual airline in Europe and around the world (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). In appreciating technology, the company has improved its booking services by introducing e-tickets where customers can reserve flight seats at the comfort of their office or at home as long they are connected on the web. High-class lounges are also used in winning customers. Among other adverts done by the company to market its products, it uses flyer cards to give relevant information to customers, including status of flights, charges, offers and destinations among other particulars (SAS, 2012). Scandinavian Airlines further benefits from its Star Alliance Membership since 1997. The alliance has seen the number of customers increase tremendously, thus allowing it to realize increased overall turnover. The company has also marketed its services by partnering with other companies especially form Baltic countries (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). It is worth noting that about fifty destinations in the region are operated by diff erent airliners that are SAS’ partners. In addressing the needs of customers, the greatest strategy of Scandinavian Airlines is increasing its competitive advantage within the market. It aims at providing services at any time regardless of the location of the customer. As mentioned earlier, e-booking has become one of the quickest ways of improving the company’s efficacy in service delivery. It is quicker, easily processed and cuts down distribution costs that were experienced during massive manual booking (Scandinavian Airlines, 2012). In dealing with customer problems online, SAS has partnered with several electronic travel agencies to provide solutions to customers. This has played a major role in promoting the services of the company, where almost 400 travel agencies operate. Through the use of SAS Direct service, customers receive service support concerning any issue ranging from booking to flight status (Kotler, Bowen Makens, 2009). Besides e-booking, Scandinavi an Airlines uses the internet as a marketing and information tool. Its website is one of the most interactive in air travel in Europe (Ujaraq, 2010). Literally, the website is a virtual SAS office, having all the information needed by customers. The website details the company’s products including routes, available flights, booking solutions, company profile, current and upcoming offers, annual reports, contact and feedback links among others (Helterlin Ramalho, 2007). This plays a major role in promoting SAS products, catering for customers’ needs from different regions and maintaining good public image. As a distribution channel, it is projected that the website will become a cost-effective marketing tool for future growth. The table below shows e-ticket, self-service and Internet check-in in percentage (Jones, 2012). Retrieved from: umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:140520/FULLTEXT01 Additionally, SAS meets the needs of different customers in the market by offer ing various price options depending on the class and aircraft model. For instance, the company launched a low-cost carrier called Snowflake in 2003 and targets customers who cannot afford high-class flights (Nigam, 2010). Recommendation and conclusion From this report, it is doubtless that SAS Airlines is quite strategic in maintaining its competitiveness within European Air Travel. Through effective service delivery and relevant products, the company has won customer loyalty, met the needs of customers from different countries and promoted good public image. Through approaches like entertainment, accessibility to lounges, offers, e-booking, meals, honest management and discounts, the company has maintained its high profile in the industry. With its current status, the company has an uphill task to maintain the standards of its services, having in mind that it faces stiff competition from other international carriers. Continuous training of its employees is paramount coupled with pe ople-oriented management (Kotler, Bowen Makens, 2009). Lastly, technological advancements have to be improved to catch-up with the ever-changing world. References Air Review. (n.d.). SAS Scandinavian Airlines Review and Opinions. Air Review. Retrieved from airreview.com/SAS/index.htm Bhardwaj, A. (2010). Scandinavian Airlines: The Green Engine Decision. Slide share. Retrieved from slideshare.net/rekhasr/scandinavian-airlines-v15 Helterlin, G., Ramalho, N. (2007). Case studies: SAS Airline Ryanair. Umea University. Retrieved from umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:140520/FULLTEXT01 Jens, F. (2005). Scandinavian Revival. Aviation Week Space Technology, 162 (3), 411-411. Jones, P. (2012). Market Segmentation. Global Spec. Retrieved from globalspec.com/reference/43564/203279/market-segmentation Kotler, P., Bowen, J., Makens, J. (2009). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. London: Pearson. Nigam, S. (2010). SAS Scandinavian Airlines conquers niche airline marketing by first same sex wedding on a plane. Simpliflying. Retrieved from http://simpliflying.com/2010/sas-scandinavian-airlines-conquers-niche-airline-marketing-by-first-same-sex-wedding-on-a-plane/ SAS. (2012). Customer Success. SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved from sas.com/success/scanair.html Scandinavian Airlines. (2012). Scandinavian Airlines. SAS. Retrieved from flysas.com/en/?vst=true# Star Alliance. (2012). Scandinavian Airlines. Star Alliance. Retrieved from staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/scandinavian_airlines/ Ujaraq, P. (2010). Scandinavian Airlines repositioning strategies. Ã…rhus School of Business. Retrieved from http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/13054/Report.pdf

Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey

Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey Oprah Gail Winfrey was born in 1954 in rural Mississippi, the child of a love affair between Vernon Winfrey and Vernita Lee. Her parents never married, and Oprah spent much of her youth being shuttled between various relatives. From her troubled childhood, Oprah Winfrey has grown into a household name, achieving success as a talk show host, actress, producer, publisher, and activist. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. Oprah Gail WINFREY was born on 29 Jan 1954 on in the small town of Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi to Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE. Shortly after her birth, her mother Vernita moved north to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and young Oprah was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee. At age six, Oprah left Mississippi to join her mother in Milwaukee. After several troubling, neglected years with her mother and half-siblings, Oprah moved again at the age of 14 to join her father in Nashville, Tennessee. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Vernon WINFREY was born in 1933 in Mississippi. 3. Vernita LEE was born in 1935 in Mississippi. Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE were never married and their only child was Oprah Winfrey: 1 i. Oprah Gail WINFREY Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. Elmore E. WINFREY was born 12 March 1901 in Poplar Creek, Montgomery County, Michigan and died on 15 October 1988 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi 5. Beatrice WOODS was born on 18 February 1902 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 1 December 1999 in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi. Elmore WINFREY and Beatrice WOODS married on 10 June 1925 in Carroll County, Mississippi, and they had the following children: i. Lee W. WINFREYii. Brister WINFREYiii. Marie WINFREY2. iv. Vernon WINFREY 6. Earlist LEE was born about June 1892 in Mississippi and died in 1959 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. 7. Hattie Mae PRESLEY was born about April 1900 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 27 Feb 1963 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. Earlist LEE and Hattie Mae PRESLEY were married about 1918 and had the following children: i. Susie LEE was born about 1920.ii. Hal LEE was born about 1922.iii. Willis S. LEE was born about 1925.iv. Hubert LEE was born about 1928.3. v. Vernita LEE

The European Central Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The European Central Bank - Essay Example (ECB, n.d.) From the moment of its inception, the European Central Bank has been a favorite target of criticisms from economists and political leaders alike. Surprisingly, among its staunch critics are European countries themselves which suffer economically because of the oftentimes rigid and unreasonable policies ECB follows. This paper will thus examine how the political and economic world perceives the performance of the central bank in this regard. Commentaries from analysts, studies done by independent economic research bodies, and the media will be the three main sources for this research. "The list of challenges is long and a lot of work lies in front of us." This was the concluding statement of Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell, member of the ECB Executive Board during a speech on a conference in Vienna, Austria in 2004. However, she was optimistic that the system would be able to handle challenges that would be present along the way. (ECB, 2004) Among the many challenges present is how to balance decision-making with regards to rate increase to benefit all the economies of the EU member states. Because the ECB does not only cater to a single economy, it has this inherent challenge. An increase in rate would mean a negative effect on a country with a growing economy while it is a positive move for a country with a high inflation rate. The GoCurrency website cited that "several larger economies in the euro area (Germany, for example) that were recently coming out of an economic slump were unhappy as the higher rates would stunt their growth."(GoCurrency, 2006) One classic example often mentioned by analysts is the effect of low interest rates in countries with property bubbles such as Ireland. Because "the ECB was keeping rates low to help the stodgy economies of France and Germany, where growth was weak and needed nurturing, the need of the Irish to raise rates to help their already ailing economy is not addressed". (Louth, 2007) With the recent slump in mortgages in the American market, ECB is once more in the dilemma of raising rates in September or not. It should be noted that this is the first time since September 2001 that there is a proposed increase in rates. (MECB Update, 2002, p 3) Jean-Claude Trichet, President of ECB, indicated in August that the ECB "will raise its key refinancing rate to 4.25 from 4.0." (TodayOnline, 2007) However, there has been pressure from the world community to halt this intended rate increase. The article that appeared on the Business World website entitled "NCB: Another ECB hike could be risky", quoted NCB analyst Dermot O'Brien as saying that the credibility of the ECB may be in question if it does not proceed with the intended rise in rates and sticking to its original plan would be seen as immature stubbornness. This is the current dilemma. (Business World, 2007) With the "surprisingly weak growth figures for the

Gulf country orientation of Renewable energy Research Paper

Gulf country orientation of Renewable energy - Research Paper Example Given the potential for renewable energy in the GCC and the need for renewable energy due to large scale infrastructure development and reliance on energy, a number of renewable energy projects have been undertaken in the GCC states (Alnaser and Alnaser, 2011). This paper presents an overview of the renewable energy orientation in the Gulf countries. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) make up the six states in the GCC and are regarded as among the world’s ‘major oil and natural gas producing countries’ (Reiche, 2010: 2395). The GCC states are ranked among the world’s top 25 carbon dioxide emitters ‘per capita’ (Reiche, 2010: 2395). Due to infrastructure and economic development in the GCC, the demand for electricity has increased exponentially and the GCC states have been forced to consider renewable energy sources. With an abundant source of solar and wind energy, it is hardly surprising that the GCC countries have taken the initiative to plan for the implementation of renewable energy as a solution to the pending energy crisis brought on by high demands for electricity (Hertog and Luciani, 2009). There are three main advantages to GCC states in implementing renewable energy sources. The first advantage is a reduction in the cost of power plants together with reduced costs in the transmitting and distributing operations. Secondly, with reliance on renewable energy sources at home, the GCC states can increase their oil and natural gas exports which would normally be put to use locally and finally, GCC states would benefit from a reduction in carbon monoxide emissions from conventional power plants (Sharples and Radhi, 2013). The European Union (EU), as a driver of renewable energy elsewhere signed the EU-GCC Clean Energy Network agreement with the GCC in 2010. In signing the EU-GCC Lean Energy Network, the EU has undertaken to and taken action for the promotion and ‘transfer of expertise and